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Threats to the kelp forest ecosystem include sewage dumping ... organisms will help students understand the role of biotic and abiotic factors that affect the kelp forest community, from sea ...

but also on the ecosystem dynamics (Cramer 2007). The composition of the regenerating forest will be affected by abiotic and biotic factors influencing seedling establishment, presence and impacts ...

Is it possible to restore highly diverse rain forests ... will affect ecosystem processes, such as carbon sequestration, and biotic interactions in the future. Elias, P. & Lininger, K.