and up to the abdication of Tokugawa Yoshinobu, Oct. 14, 1867. Under the Tokugawas men in trade (hei-min) were classed in the lowest social order—lowest even than actor. Respectfully submit ...

Still, many kept eating meat, including the powers that be. One notable example was Tokugawa Yoshinobu (1837-1913), the 15th and last shogun. One of his favorite foods was a pork dish, earning him ...